Аннотация: The article examines three distinct models of state-religion relations developed in France, Germany, and the United States: radical secularism (laïcité), the cooperative model with church tax, and the doctrine of the "wall of separation." It demonstrates how historical, cultural, and legal traditions shape unique approaches to implementing the principles of religious freedom and secularism. The author emphasizes that none of the models is universally applicable and concludes that a balance between individual liberty, public order, and the stability of democratic institutions is essential in the context of growing religious pluralism.