Аннотация: In today's world, it is commonly believed that demographics determine the economy: less people lead to an inevitable decline in manufacturing, stagnation in the domestic market, and a loss of global influence. However, the reality is more complex and sometimes paradoxical. Today, three leading industrialized countries—Japan, Germany, and South Korea — have been experiencing a decline in their populations for an extended period. One would assume that this depopulation would undermine their economic foundations. However, this did not happen.