Аннотация: Intestinal microflora or microbiota (MB), in recent years, is increasingly attracting the attention of researchers - as one of the important factors in human health. Direct evidence of the effect of intestinal MB on immunity, the state of the cardiovascular system, trophism of the macroorganism as a whole, and even mental health of a person has been found. Thus, the state of intestinal MB becomes one of the most significant indicators of human health, both of individual individuals and of various populations. The presented publication reviews the literature on the importance of intestinal MB for human health. Modern methods of correction of intestinal MB and treatment of some pathologies using live donor cultures are shown. The prospects of studying the properties of intestinal MB among residents of the Republic of Tuva, as one of the integral indicators of assessing the health of the population, are noted.