Аннотация: The paper analyzes the transformation of national economic competitiveness in the context of the global transition toward a low-carbon development model. Environmental requirements are shown to increasingly determine market access and the distribution of advantages in international trade. For economies with energy-intensive industrial structures, competition shifts from production efficiency to regulatory compliance and verification of product characteristics. The study substantiates the need to safeguard competitiveness through coordinated economic policy, nationally adapted carbon assessment approaches and environmentally oriented export support instruments. It is concluded that the green transition is a long-term process and that global value chains will persist, requiring countries to secure stable participation in international trade.