Аннотация: A generalized analysis of a number of studies of the influence of the educational environment on the development of cognitive characteristics of students is presented. Approaches in the education system are described. Examples of the influence of the teacher's personality on the development of the student's cognitive component are given. An assessment is given to new studies related to the study of the cognitive component of students. The problem of the influence of the regional component on the development of cognitive competencies of students has been updated.