Аннотация: The uneven distribution of water resources in Central Asia causes a conflict of interests between key water suppliers (Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan) and its main consumers (Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan). There is a vicious circle: the energy priorities of the upstream countries are contrary to the agricultural interests of the downstream countries, since one, first of all, needs electricity, and the second - water for the development of irrigated agriculture. But the ideal isolation of this circle suggests that this is a field for absolutely mutually beneficial cooperation.