1. Introduction.

The modern Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education [6] sets the task of achieving meta-subject results by children in primary education. It is indicated that the meta-subject results of mastering the basic educational program of primary general education should reflect, in particular, the mastering by younger students of effective ways to solve problems of a creative and search nature.

The purpose of our study was to characterize the methods of solving search problems by fourth-grade students, some of whom studied according to the D. B. Elkonin — V. V. Davydov program, others — according to the traditional primary education program.

In developing the research methodology for determining the characteristics of the methods for solving search problems, we relied on the concept proposed by S. L. Rubinstein [4] and developed in detail by V. V. Davydov [2] and his followers [1], [3], [5] about two types of thinking in solving problems — theoretical and empirical, and, accordingly, about two ways of solving problems — general (generalized), meaningful, theoretical and specific (non-generalized), formal, empirical.

2. Materials and methods.

The material for developing the methodology was the well-known puzzle «Game of Fifteen», which was subjected to a certain modification. This modification consisted in the fact that instead of fifteen chips moving along a sixteen-cell playing field, only five chips were used, moving along a six-cell playing field.

As in the original puzzle «Game of Fifteen», in our modification of this game, which became known as «Game of Five», there was one free cell and chips that moved along the playing field (to the free space) in any direction with a rook move, i.e. horizontally and vertically.

So, in order to transform the original order of chips into the required order in six moves, you need to move the following chips sequentially to the free space: 1, 2, 3, 5, 4 and 1 (see Fig. 1).

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