1. Introduction

In 2014, Russia began a decisive break with the liberal course of reforms. Moving away from liberalism and communism means choosing a third path for Russia’s development based on national traditions and the rejection of alien cultural elements. This was evidenced by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated November 9, 2022.  No. 809 «On the approval of the Foundations of State Policy for the preservation and strengthening of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values», containing a list of threats to the Russian people: «Ideological and psychological influence on citizens leads to the imposition of a system of ideas and values alien to the Russian people and destructive to Russian society, including the cultivation of selfishness, permissiveness, immorality, denial of ideals patriotism, service to the Fatherland, the natural continuation of life, the values of a strong family, marriage, having many children, and creative work, Russia’s positive contribution to world history and culture, the destruction of the traditional family through the propaganda of non-traditional sexual relations»[1].

2. Material and methods

Exploring the reasons for the formation of the Russian mentality (large expanses of flat territory, communal lifestyle, remoteness from central government, constant communication with nature, Christian faith in the form of Orthodoxy), Ilyin describes the following main features of it – and above all, «Heartfelt contemplation»: «The Russian idea is the idea of the heart.

The idea of a contemplative heart. A heart that contemplates freely and objectively; and transmits its vision to the will for action, and thoughts for awareness and words. Russian Russians are the main source of Russian faith and Russian culture. This is the main force of Russia and Russian identity. This is the way of our salvation and renewal.»[2].

Slavs, like many Eastern nations, are distinguished by their hospitality. In particular, the monasteries operated a service of free hotels for pilgrims.

When meeting foreigners, Russians are primarily interested in their lifestyle, culture and way of life. Quite a few Russian women went abroad, marrying foreigners. Such a famous woman was Anna Yaroslavna, the daughter of Prince Yaroslav Mudrovo of Kiev, who became Queen of France, mother and grandmother of several French kings.

Russians, for the most part, even the modern generations of «market youth», are adherents of the traditional family. Opinion polls show persistent rejection of non-traditional sexual relations in all strata of society. Therefore, it is quite natural that article 72 of the Constitution of Russia was amended: «The joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the subjects of the Russian Federation are: protection of the family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood; protection of the institution of marriage as a union of men and women; creation of conditions for decent upbringing of children in the family, as well as for the implementation of adult children have the responsibility to take care of their parents [3].»

The family of the Slavs in the old days was built on the model of a «small church». Under socialism, it was proclaimed a cell of socialism. Nowadays, it is often the basis of a small business in the form of an individual entrepreneur or a peasant farm.

According to I. Ilyin, Russians’ sense of justice is «formless, good-natured and just.» This can be explained by a significant distance from the central government, which, in the absence of modern means of communication, required a powerful development of local informal dormitory rules.

Self-government, including dispute resolution, investigation and punishment for violations, took place within the rural peasant community. The community decided who would enlist in the army, as there were no age lists or universal military service. Examples of reflecting this mentality in Russian legislation include the federal form of ownership of mineral resources and the mention of God’s name in Article 67.1 of the Constitution.: «The Russian Federation, united by a thousand-year history, preserving the memory of the ancestors who passed on to us the ideals and faith in God, as well as continuity in the development of the Russian state, recognizes the historically formed state unity [4].»

In the monograph «The Third Way of Russia: a new hope in the 21st century» proved the basic principles of the methodology of moral and religious neo-institutionalism, which began to be embodied in educational literature in connection with the systemic crisis of Russian education [5, 6, 7].

3. Results and discussions

During the research:

1) the necessity of creating an ideology of the third way of Russia, taking into account national traditions, has been substantiated [8];

2) the mentality of the Russian people has been analyzed through the prism of the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation [9, 10];

3) the key principles of the new ideology have been outlined [11, 12].

4. Conclusion

The most important principle, consistency, makes it possible to combine the positive content of various forms of social consciousness, of which science and religion are the most important [13].

The principle of balance is realized primarily in the model of the Triune essence of man as a socio-spiritual-biological being.

Earlier, a new paradigm of the development of science and society was derived from this model — the need to restore man’s balance with nature, society and God.

Morality is understood through the concept of justice, as an adequate reward for the preservation of human essence.

These are the main principles of the «Philosophy of the Third Way» [6].