Аннотация: China’s approach to state–religion relations constitutes a distinctive governance model that integrates socialist ideology, historical-cultural legacies, and national modernization goals. Unlike Western frameworks emphasizing state neutrality, China’s system is characterized by proactive state oversight of religious affairs, aimed at preserving social harmony and reinforcing ideological unity under the leadership of the Communist Party. This model is anchored in a comprehensive legal regime—primarily the Regulations on Religious Affairs—and implemented through five state-approved religious associations that serve as conduits for policy enforcement. A central feature is the ongoing “Sinicization” of religion, which seeks to reshape religious doctrines, practices, and institutions to align with Chinese cultural norms and socialist values, particularly in the cases of Islam and Christianity. In ethnically distinct regions like Tibet and Xinjiang, religious governance is tightly interwoven with national security strategies and efforts to counter separatist tendencies. While effective in maintaining domestic order and curbing extremism, the system has drawn significant international criticism for curtailing religious freedom and marginalizing non-sanctioned faith communities. Its long-term viability hinges on the state’s capacity to reconcile strict regulatory control with the evolving spiritual and cultural needs of a diverse society.