Аннотация: Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host, notably by inhibiting pathogenic bacterial growth. This dissertation delves into the mechanisms by which probiotics prevent bacterial infections, their impact on gut microbiota, and their potential as alternatives to antibiotics. Key areas of focus include antimicrobial substance production, competitive exclusion, enhancement of epithelial barrier function, immune modulation, and alterations of the gut environment. The study also highlights recent research findings, clinical applications of probiotics in disease prevention and treatment, and future directions in probiotic therapy.
The rise of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has intensified the search for alternative strategies to combat bacterial infections. Probiotics—live microorganisms conferring health benefits to the host—have demonstrated potential in inhibiting pathogenic bacterial growth through various mechanisms. This dissertation delves into these mechanisms, including the production of antimicrobial substances, competitive exclusion of pathogens, enhancement of epithelial barrier integrity, modulation of the immune response, and alteration of the gut microenvironment. Furthermore, it examines clinical applications of probiotics in preventing and treating diseases such as gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory infections, urogenital infections, and skin conditions. The study also addresses challenges in probiotic therapy and proposes future research directions to optimize their therapeutic efficacy.