Аннотация: The ongoing global energy transition is precipitating a profound reconfiguration of commodity demand patterns, shifting the strategic focus from hydrocarbons toward critical minerals, most notably uranium and lithium. The member states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) possess some of the world’s largest uranium reserves and substantial prospective lithium resources; nevertheless, their participation in global value chains remains predominantly confined to the export of raw and semi-processed materials. Concurrently, the People’s Republic of China has established a commanding position across the downstream segments of the lithium value chain, encompassing mineral processing, battery manufacturing, and related technological industries. Under these circumstances, the long-term developmental challenge facing the EAEU lies in avoiding the entrenchment of a peripheral, resource-export-oriented economic role. Achieving the objective necessitates a strategic transformation from a predominantly extractive development model toward deeper industrial integration and technological cooperation with China in advanced green industries and other high-value-added sectors associated with the low-carbon economy.